Summary
- Electric cars lose efficiency in cold weather, but seasonal fluctuations don’t impact daily driving or charging as much as expected
- Electric cars produce very little waste heat compared to conventional cars, and the type of heater used affects winter range loss
- Chemical and mechanical factors contribute to winter range loss in electric cars
- Regenerative braking is a benefit of electric cars, but may be limited in cold weather
- Driving in winter affects both electric and conventional cars, with electric cars losing about 10% of range in cold weather.
Article
In cold weather, all cars experience decreased efficiency, leading to shorter range and increased fueling costs. However, electric cars are less affected by seasonal fluctuations than expected. The range estimates provided by the EPA and manufacturers assume ideal battery temperature, around 70 degrees Fahrenheit. In winter, EV drivers may experience shorter range and longer charging times. Cars equipped with heat pumps tend to suffer less range loss in winter compared to those with resistance heaters, as heat pumps are more energy efficient in generating heat.
The primary reason for winter range loss in EVs is cabin heating to keep the driver and passengers warm. Chemical and physical reactions in the battery occur more slowly in cold temperatures, inhibiting reactions and increasing resistance, reducing the available power. While other studies have analyzed the impact of cold weather on range, Recurrent’s research project uses a large data set under real-world driving conditions to provide more accurate results. The range loss experienced by EVs in winter is temporary and causes no long-term detriment to the battery.
EV owners can use various strategies to minimize winter range loss. Preconditioning the car while it is still plugged into the wall charger at home can help warm up the battery and interior before driving, reducing the need to use battery power for heating. Turning down the heat and using seat heaters and heated steering wheels can keep occupants warm while conserving battery power. Additionally, allowing extra charging time at fast chargers and limiting regenerative braking in slippery conditions can help maintain optimal battery performance in winter.
Electric cars differ from internal combustion engine vehicles in their efficiency and energy usage. EVs waste less energy and do not generate as much heat compared to conventional cars. Driving in winter affects all vehicles, with gasoline cars experiencing reduced gas mileage in cold weather. Recurrent’s data shows that EV range also shrinks in winter, especially in cars with heat pumps. Understanding how winter conditions impact EV performance can help drivers effectively manage the challenges of winter driving and ensure optimal efficiency.
Supporting independent cleantech coverage can help accelerate the cleantech revolution and promote sustainability. Donating a few dollars a month can contribute to the advancement of clean technologies. By staying informed on the latest cleantech news and adopting environmentally friendly practices, individuals can support the transition to a cleaner and more sustainable future. CleanTechnica provides valuable insights and updates on cleantech innovations, offering readers the opportunity to stay informed and engaged in the clean energy revolution.
Read the full article here
