Summary
– Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology study factors influencing battery charging behavior
– Microstructural simulations reveal modifications in crystal structure during charging of sodium-nickel-manganese oxide cathodes
– Sodium-ion batteries are promising due to accessibility of raw materials and suitability for various applications
– Fast charging leads to mechanical stress and capacity reduction in cathode materials
– Findings of the study could lead to long-lasting, quickly chargeable battery materials in the next five to ten years
Article
Researchers at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) are using computer-based simulations to study the charging behavior of layered oxides used as cathodes in sodium-ion batteries. They have found that elastic deformation plays a significant role in the charging process, with modifications to the crystal structure leading to a decrease in capacity. The research, published in npj Computational Materials, aims to optimize battery performance and reduce costs by exploring new electrode materials.
Sodium-ion batteries are being investigated as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to their lower reliance on rare elements and toxic constituents. Layered oxides, such as sodium-nickel-manganese oxides, are considered highly promising cathode materials for these batteries. However, rapid charging of these materials can lead to mechanical stress and permanent damage, as sodium is extracted from all sides simultaneously, causing a loss of capacity. Researchers are focused on understanding these degradation mechanisms to improve the commercial viability of these batteries.
Microstructural models combined with slow charge and discharge experiments have revealed the degradation mechanisms affecting the NaXNi1/3Mn2/3O2 layered oxide. The crystal structure undergoes elastic deformation during charging, leading to potential cracking and reduced capacity. These simulation results have been confirmed by experimental studies, highlighting the importance of mechanical influence in determining the charging time of the material. Ultimately, the goal is to develop long-lasting battery materials that can be charged quickly, potentially leading to widespread use of sodium-ion batteries in the next five to ten years.
The study’s findings are applicable not only to sodium-nickel-manganese oxides but also to other layered oxides used in battery materials. By understanding these fundamental processes, researchers can work towards developing improved battery materials that offer longevity and fast charging capabilities. This research is part of the POLiS (Post Lithium Storage) Cluster of Excellence, focusing on sodium-ion technology and the development of sustainable energy storage solutions for both stationary and mobile applications.
The research team comprised scientists from KIT, Ulm University, and the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg (ZSW). By combining experimental, ab-initio, and multiphase-field results, they were able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the phase transitions in the P2-type NaXNi1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms affecting the performance of battery materials and sets the stage for further advancements in sodium-ion battery technology.
Overall, the research conducted by KIT and its collaborators sheds light on the importance of elastic deformation in the charging behavior of layered oxides used in sodium-ion batteries. By exploring these fundamental processes and optimizing electrode materials, the goal is to pave the way for the widespread adoption of sodium-ion batteries as efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy storage solutions for the future.
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